When you sleep, you may believe that nothing happens. However, while you’re sleeping, certain parts of your brain are very active. In addition, getting enough sleep (or not getting enough sleep) has an impact on your physical and emotional well-being. Your body may rest and re-energize as you sleep. A good night’s sleep can aid in stress relief, problem solving, and recovery from disease. Sleep deprivation can cause a slew of physical issues, as well as a change in your mood and outlook. You cycle between two forms of sleep during the night: non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During each of these stages, your brain and body behave differently.
The first stage of sleep is non-REM sleep, which is divided into three parts. You sleep deeply in the final stage of non-REM sleep. Getting out of this stage of sleep is difficult. After falling asleep, REM sleep begins an hour to an hour and a half later. When you have enough REM sleep, you’ll have more vivid dreams.
NREM Stage 1
This non-REM sleep stage is the typical transition from wakefulness to sleep, and it usually only lasts a few minutes. Stage N1 is the lightest stage of sleep, and patients who are awakened from it frequently have no idea that they were asleep. Eye movements are often slow and rolling at this time. You produce low amplitude mixed frequencies waves in the theta band. Your muscles begin to relax and your heartbeat and breathing slow down.
NREM Stage 2
This following stage of non-REM sleep accounts for the majority of total sleep time and is thought to be a lighter period of sleep from which you can readily arise. This is the stage just before you fall asleep. During this time, you have no eye movements as heartbeat and respiration slow down even more. Your body’s temperature falls. Two different brain wave properties called sleep spindles and K-complexes arise for the first time in your body.
NREM Stage 3
This is the deepest stage of non-REM sleep. Slow-wave sleep, often known as delta sleep, is stage N3 sleep. In this non-REM stage, your body performs a range of vital health-promoting actions. During this stage, arousal from sleep is difficult since the heartbeat and respiration rate are both at their lowest levels. There are no eye movements. Your body is completely at ease. Tissue healing and growth, as well as cell regeneration, occur when delta brain waves are present. Your immune system is strengthened.
REM Stage
REM sleep usually occurs 90 minutes after you fall asleep. The initial REM cycle usually lasts 10 minutes. Each subsequent REM stage becomes longer, with the ultimate one lasting upto an hour. Your breath and pulse rate increase at this stage. Because your brain is more active during REM sleep, you can have vivid dreams. REM is significant because it stimulates parts of the brain that aid learning and is linked to increased protein creation. Adults spend just approximately 20% of their sleep in the REM state, however babies can spend up to 50% of their sleep in this stage.
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